Arc Welding-related: magnetic welders, stick welders, plasma welders, self-shielded welders, auxiliary welding machines, electronic gas welders, AC arc welders, DC arc welders, engine welders, battery welders, electrode materials for arc welding, sensor‑controlled equipment for arc welding, arc welding robots, automated arc welding systems, arc welding system end‑of‑life components, backing materials, and other related items

Resistance Welding-related: spot welders, portable spot welders, thin‑film welders, projection welders, flash welders, ball‑bar welders, resistance welding guns, electrode materials for resistance welding, control instruments for resistance welding, quality‑management devices, resistance welding robots, and automated resistance welding systems

Other Welding-related: electron beam welders, electron beam welding equipment, bracket‑type welding apparatus, gas‑shielded welding equipment, friction welders, FSW (friction stir welding), FSF (friction stir forming), ultrasonic welders, gas‑pressurized crimping machines, as well as welding and adhesive bonding technologies

Laser Processing-related: fiber laser processing machines, carbon dioxide laser processing machines, YAG laser processing machines, epoxy laser processing machines, disc‑type laser processors, other laser processing machines, various components for laser processing, high‑pressure gases used in laser processing, application software, and other related items

Micro‑Processing-related: wax‑based systems (including various wax furnaces, automated candle‑making devices, wax‑applying robots, wax‑application materials, and other related products); welding equipment (such as automated welding systems, infrared welding devices, wave‑type welding apparatuses, vapor‑phase welding setups, welding robots, welding consumables, and other related items); micro‑soldering processes (including reflow ovens, diverse mounting techniques, robotic systems, soldering materials, lead‑free solutions, and other related products); micro‑arc, micro‑vibration, micro‑high‑frequency welding, micro‑resistance welding, micro‑laser welding, laser marking, fuse‑cutting, micro‑ultrasonic welding, micro‑FSW, hot‑pressing, ribbon‑welding, along with various control and inspection devices, and other related equipment

Steel‑Structure Processing-related: materials for architectural steel‑structure processing, mechanical cutting machines, pre‑drilling machines, hole‑making machines, shearing machines, and reversing machines

Nondestructive Testing-related: radiographic testing equipment, ultrasonic flaw‑detection devices, phased‑array eddy‑current testing systems, ultrasonic thickness gauges, AE devices, penetrant testing equipment, magnetic particle testing equipment, eddy‑current testing devices, VT devices, strain‑measurement instruments, industrial X‑ray film, intensifying screens, automatic developing machines, material testing machines, nondestructive evaluation instruments, hardness testers, and other measurement tools; as well as materials, inspection systems, image‑processing devices, damage‑degradation prediction systems, and specialized testing and evaluation services for new and composite materials

Surface‑Modification-related: welding equipment, powder‑coating systems, coating materials, surface‑coating machinery, laser‑copying devices, hot‑stamping tools, and other related items

Heat‑Treatment-related: general heat‑treatment equipment, PWHT units, localized annealing heaters, heating devices, high‑frequency equipment, and other related systems

Heat‑Cutting-related: gas‑cutting machines, plasma cutters, CNC‑controlled cutters, laser cutters, tracking devices, nesting systems, simple automation tools, automated systems, computer software, and other related technologies